Mammals are arguably the most successful group of vertebrates on Earth, ranging from the depths of the oceans, to the morth and south poles, and the skies above. Despite their success, modern stressors have radically changed mammal communities around the world—while some species have greatly expanded their ranges, others have disappeared among a raft of extinctions. In a world that is experiencing unprecedented environmental change, including the confluence of multiple threats, such as habitat loss and modification, climate change, and biological invasion, integrated and multifaceted approaches are urgently required for ecologically and cost effective management of novel mammal communities. Using case examples from around the world, here we review innovative and emerging field-based and modelling approaches and tools, and ecological and evolutionary perspectives, for meeting this challenge.